流视角下中国铁路交通联系空间模拟与格局解析

Spatial Simulation and Pattern Analysis of China's Railway Transport Contacts from the Perspective of Flows

基于"流空间"视角,借助GIS空间分析法,建立交互式的空间联系网络,对近域联系下城市间交通联系进行空间趋近模拟,深度解析全国铁路交通联系的空间分布与集聚格局。通过对列车运营线路上各城市间的近域联系路径进行空间选取和逐次连接,采取类似"裁弯取直"式的空间趋近模拟方法,完整模拟出各车次列车的运营路线,实现对铁路交通实际运营路径的空间刻画。基于7 000余车次的巨量客运数据,构建了全国地级城市间交互式的铁路客运空间联系网络,进而清晰展现了全国铁路客运联系空间分布与区域集聚图景。研究显示,全国铁路交通联系以纵横向铁路主通道为基本骨架,以国家及区域中心城市为联系核心,以各级城市群为主要联系方向。长三角、京津冀、珠三角城市群形成高铁时代"三群鼎立"这一基本空间架构,但高铁发展依然呈现以京广线为界"西冷东热"的空间分布态势。细分车次类型来看,全国铁路交通联系基本格局是以普速列车为本底,K字头列车为框架,G字头高铁为骨架,高速铁路为主通道,高铁与动车互相补充,高速与普速协同发展。

Based on the 'flow space' perspective and with the help of GIS spatial analysis, this article builds an interactive spatial contact network. By means of the spatial approach simulation of intercity traffic contact, we deeply analyze the spatial distribution and agglomeration pattern of China’s railway transport contacts. Selecting and successively connecting intercity neighbor contact path in the in-use railway lines, we completely simulate the operation route of each train by the method of spatial approach simulation and describe the actual operation path of railway traffic.Based on the railway traffic data of actual operation, this paper constructs an interactive contact network of intercity railway transportation in prefecture level, and analyses the spatial distribution and regional agglomeration of the national railway passenger transport contacts. Research shows that China’s railway transport contacts are developed along the main railway lines, take the national and regional central cities as the contact core and the urban agglomerations as the main direction, railway traffic contact network presents the spatial pattern of tripartite confrontation that is Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration and Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration, and the high-speed railways are mainly distributed in the east of Beijing-Guangzhou railway line. In terms of the train type,the China’s railway transport contacts are generally based on the normal speed trains, fast trains and high-speed trains,high-speed and multiple unit trains complement each other and develop in a synergetic way.