汾河流域古村落的时空演化与形成机理

The Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Formation Mechanism of Ancient Villages in Fenhe River Basin

以汾河流域121个国家级和省级古村落为研究对象,运用历史文献分析与考证、GIS空间分析与制图等方法,探讨汾河流域古村落的时空演化与形成机理。结果表明:①汾河流域古村落的形成经历"起源—拓展—收缩—鼎盛—饱和"的历史轨迹,总体上具有自汾河中、下游向上游拓展的"溯江而上"的时序特征。②汾河流域古村落总体呈集聚型分布,在汾河中游形成古村落密集区,各历史阶段古村落分布重心随拓展时序具有由南向北的迁移路径。③汾河流域古村落的时空演化是气候、地貌等自然环境要素的基础性效应和经济、交通等社会环境要素的关键性影响综合作用的结果。

Taking 121 national and provincial ancient villages in Fenhe River Basin as the research object, this article studies on the spatial-temporal evolution and formation mechanism of ancient villages by using historical literature analysis and GIS spatial analysis. The results show that: 1) the formation of ancient villages in Fenhe River Basin experienced an 'origin-development-contraction-prime-saturation' historical route. On the whole, it has the time-series characteristics that ancient villages expand from the middle and lower reaches of Fenhe River to the upstream. 2) The ancient villages in Fenhe River Basin are clustered in general, and densely populated areas distribute in the middle of the Fenhe River, and the gravity center of the ancient villages in each historical stage moved from the south to the north over the time. 3) The spatial-temporal evolution of the ancient villages in Fenhe River Basin is the result of the comprehensive effects of natural and social environment factors such as climate, geomorphology, economy and transportation.