欠发达农区多维贫困动态及其影响因素——基于河南省农村固定观察点数据的研究

Multidimensional Poverty Dynamics and Its Influencing Factors in Underdeveloped Agricultural Areas——A Study Based on the Data of Fixed Observation Points in Rural Henan

过去10多年里,以农村收入衡量的贫困得到明显改善。然而,农村贫困具有多维性和动态性。文章基于A-F多维贫困指数及其分解指数,利用2004—2014年河南省农村固定观察点数据,对多维贫困的水平、强度和构成的变化进行研究,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果表明:2004—2014年,河南农村多维贫困状况得到大幅改善,但多维贫困缓解程度和削减模式因时间和地理环境的不同而存在显著差异;多维贫困发生率明显高于收入贫困发生率,随着绝对收入贫困的逐渐消除,多维贫困将成为未来精准扶贫战略的重点和难点;除住房外,其他多维贫困指标的贫困发生率均呈明显下降趋势,其中,教育、燃料和卫生设施3个指标对总体多维贫困贡献最大;多维贫困状况不仅与户主特征、家庭社会资本和人均收入有关,还与家庭所处的地理环境和村庄经济发展水平有一定的联系。

Over the past 10 years,China’s poverty measured by rural income has been greatly reduced.However,rural poverty is multidimensional and dynamic.Based on the A-F multidimensional poverty index and its decomposition indexes,this paper uses the data of rural fixed observation points in Henan Province between 2004 and 2014 and analyzes the changes in the level,intensity and composition of multidimensional poverty,and its influencing factors.The results show that from 2004 to 2014,the multidimensional poverty in rural areas of Henan Province has decreased significantly,but the extent to which it is reduced and reduction mode show significant differences in time and geographical environment.From 2004 to 2014,the incidence of multidimensional poverty is significantly higher than that of income poverty.With the gradual elimination of absolute income poverty,multidimensional poverty will be the future focus and difficulty of the poverty alleviation with precision strategy.With the exception of housing,the incidences of poverty in other multidimensional poverty indicators have decreased significantly from 2004 to 2014.Among them,the three indicators of education,fuel and sanitation contribute most to the overall multidimensional poverty.The multidimensional poverty is not only related to the characteristics of household heads,family social capital and per capita income,but also related to the geographical environment of families and the development of village economy.