中国制造业出口美国产品质量分析

A Study on Quality of Chinese Manufacturing Products Exports to the U.S. Market

中美贸易摩擦以来,中国对美国的出口贸易额降低了3%。文章使用了Nested Logit模型,采用高度细化的HS10位产品数据,引入工具变量,从出口产品质量视角考察中国制造业在美国市场上的竞争能力;对比分析了不同行业产品质量的变化趋势,实证检验了品质阶梯长度等行业特征与中国出口产品质量的关系。研究结果显示:中国出口到美国市场的制造业产品质量呈现不断上升趋势;出口产品质量最高的行业是印刷、家具、皮革与其它行业。出口行业资本密集度、品质阶梯与中国出口产品质量正相关,但在技术密集度越高的行业,中国制造业的出口质量越低。

Over the past year of the Sino-US trade war, China’s export value to the United States has decreased by 3%. This paper uses Nested Logit model, highly disaggregated HS10 product data and instrumental variables to measure the competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing industry on the United States market from the perspective of exports quality. It compares and analyses trends of product quality in different industries, empirically tests the relationship between industry characteristics and exports quality of Chinese manufacturing products. The results show that the quality of manufacturing products exported from China to the U.S. market is on the rise. The industries with the highest export quality are printing, furniture, other and leather industries. Chinese Exports demonstrate higher quality in industries of higher capital intensity and longer quality ladder, but lower quality in industries of higher technology intensity.