地权稳定性与劳动力非农转移

Farmland Rights Stability and Labor Non-Agriculture Migration

农地产权具有财产功能和生产功能,两者从相反的路径影响农户劳动力非农转移,两条作用路径的相对强度随着农地制度改革的进程而发生变化,导致地权稳定性如何作用于农村劳动力转移一直存有争议。本文整合农地产权的财产与生产双重功能,构建"2(两种功能)×2(两种权益诉求)×2(两种作用方向)"的分析框架,进而从农地是否调整、调整次数和调整幅度等不同角度分析产权稳定性如何影响农村劳动力的非农转移及其作用机制。研究表明:地权不稳定主要通过弱化农地产权的生产功能而促进劳动力非农转移,从边际效应看,农地"大调整"较"小调整"对劳动力非农转移的促进效果更大;以同县不同镇的农地调整率为工具变量控制内生性后结论依旧稳健。

Farmland rights have both property function and production function,which affect rural labor migration through opposite paths. The relative strength of these two paths is changing through the progress of farmland system reform,leading the dispute that how stability of farmland rights contributes to rural labor migration. This paper integrates the dual functions of farmland rights in a framework of '2( two functions) × 2( two claims) × 2( two paths) 'to analyze the impact of land right stability on rural labor migration and its mechanism through perspectives of occurrence,frequency and degree of farmland adjustment. The results show that instability of farmland rights can promote rural labor migration by weakening the production function of farmland. By means of marginal effects,we can find that the 'major adjustment'is more effective in promoting rural labor migration than the 'minor adjustment '. The conclusion is robust after considering endogeneity by employing land adjustment proportion of different towns in the same county as instrument variable.