资本深化、技术进步偏向与中国制造业产能利用率

Capital Deepening,Biased Technical Change and Capacity Utilization of China's Manufacturing Industry

资本深化速度与技术进步偏向是影响产能利用率的重要因素。本文通过拓展CES生产函数模型分析了资本深化速度、技术进步偏向对制造业产能利用率的作用机理,并采用1998-2016年制造业面板数据进行了实证检验。研究发现:样本区间内,中国制造业资本要素和劳动要素呈现替代关系,技术进步总体偏向资本,要素结构偏向资本;已有条件下,适宜的资本深化速度有利于提升全要素生产率增长率,进而对产能利用率产生正向间接影响;但研究期间内,中国制造业资本深化速度过快,对产能利用率产生的负向直接影响显著大于正向间接影响,因此资本深化速度对产能利用率的整体影响为负向;技术进步偏向资本与要素结构偏向资本相适宜,可以通过提高全要素生产率增长率,进而提高产能利用率;资本深化速度和技术进步偏向对产能利用率的综合影响为正,因此对于过快的资本深化速度,可以通过提高技术进步资本偏向程度缓解或扭转产能利用率的降低趋势。

Speed of capital deepening and biased technical change are important factors affecting capacity utilization.By expanding the CES production function,this paper analyzes the mechanism of speed of capital deepening and biased technical change on the capacity utilization of manufacturing industry,and empirically tests it by using the panel data of manufacturing industry from 1998 to 2016.The study finds that during this sample period,capital and labor in China’s manufacturing industry show a substitution relationship,while technical change and factor structure are biased toward capital.Under the existing conditions,appropriate speed of capital deepening can help to increase the growth rate of total factor productivity,and then has a positive indirect effect on capacity utilization.However,during the research period,rapid speed of capital deepening of China’s manufacturing industry has a negative direct effect on capacity utilization,which is significantly greater than the positive indirect effects.Therefore,the overall impact of speed of capital deepening on capacity utilization is negative.The capital-biased technical change is appropriate to the existing factor structure.Thus,it increases capacity utilization through improving total factor productivity.The combined effect of speed of capital deepening and capital-biased technical change on capacity utilization is positive.Consequently,for the too-fast capital deepening,we can slow down of even reverse the downward trend of capacity utilization by promoting capital-biased technical change.