资本折旧率分歧背后的逻辑

The Logic Behinds Divergences on Capital Depreciation Rate

文章围绕资本折旧率分歧,结合统计实践与学者观点,从资本折旧理论出发,分析现有三类测算方法的优缺点,并提出基于永续盘存法的不变折旧率和可变折旧率测算方案。研究发现,统计部门公布的固定资产折旧数据使用的是固定资产原值,受通货膨胀影响,这些数据大大低估了折旧规模;且在计算虚拟折旧时使用了4%的核定折旧率,从而导致使用上述数据测算得到的折旧率失去意义,因为结果由商业会计折旧率和核定折旧率所决定。本文计算的折旧率函数显示,在资产服役期初,不变折旧率更大,而可变折旧率较小,两者随后趋于一致。

This paper researches on the divergences on capital depreciation rate.Through integrating official statistic’s practices, scholars’ point of views with the capital depreciation theory, we analysize the drawbacks and advantages of the existing three types of calculation methods, as well as propose a measurement scheme of constant and time-varying depreciation rate basing on the perpetual inventory method. The study finds that data of depreciation of fixed assets released by statistical departments is derived from original value of fixed assets. It greatly underestimates the scale of depreciation because of the effects of inflation. Furthermore, in the calculation of virtual depreciation, the approved depreciation rate 4% is employed. When the above two facts considered, those researchers cited the official data of depreciation of fixed assets would be meaningless, due to the results are determined by commercial accounting depreciation rate and the approved depreciation rate altogether. The depreciation rate function calculated herein shows that the constant rate is larger than the variable rate in the beginning of capital service, but converges to the same at the end.