中国义务教育经费支出的均衡性分析

The Equity of Compulsory Educational Expenditure:Evidence from China

义务教育经费支出的均衡性是实现包容性增长的基础。本文从生均的角度分析了中国'十一五'和'十二五'(2006~2015年)期间义务教育经费支出的均衡性。本文发现,中国生均义务教育经费支出的各项指标在这10年间有大幅增长,年均增速为15%左右,这为中国经济的持续性发展提供了充实的人力资本基础。更重要的是,我们发现以变异系数(coefficient of variation)、基尼系数(Gini coefficient)和泰尔指数(Theil index)等不均等指标测算的省际义务教育经费支出的均衡性有了大幅改善。不过,分析东部、中部、西部的义务教育经费支出均衡性发现,东部地区的均衡性仍然偏低,而西部地区义务教育经费支出的均衡性有所下降,未来仍应关注均衡性的变化态势,以实现地区间发展的协同性。

The equity of compulsory educational expenditure is the fundamental for inclusive growth. This paper studies the equity of China’s compulsory educational expenditure during 2006 and 2015. We find that, China’s compulsory educational expenditure per student increased rapidly during the 10 years, with an annual growth rate of 15 percent, which helps human capital accumulation in order to promote sustainable economic growth. More importantly, the equity in province level of China’s compulsory educational expenditure, as measured by coefficient of variation, Gini coefficient, and Theil index, has significantly improved. However, we also find that compulsory educational expenditure in East China is still unequal and that though in low level, the inequality in West China has increased in recent years. This suggests that efforts be taken to further improve the equity of China’s compulsory educational expenditure with an aim to realize the co-development between regions.