美国“市场优先”的住房租赁政策实践与启示

Research on the “Market Priority” Rental Policy in the United States

以往的研究通常认为美国是残余化的"自由主义"住房租赁政策。通过梳理美国住房租赁政策百年的发展历程,认为美国政府自大萧条以来在住房租赁市场上主张的"市场优先"并不意味完全的自由放任,也不等同于"重购轻租",其本质是"租购并举"。美国住房租赁政策在第二次世界大战以后经历了不断市场化的改革,追求更优化的可负担住房解决方案。理解和把握美国住房租赁政策的实践与后果,对我国实现"租购并举""住有所居"的住房租赁政策目标有重要的现实意义。

Compared with the past research,it is generally believed that the United States’ housing policy is'liberalism'. By combing the priority policy of housing ownership and the evolution of the rental housing policy,it is concluded that the 'market priority'advocated by the US government doesn’t mean complete laissez faire,nor is it equal to 'ownership priority'. On the contrary,the rent policy of the United States is constantly adjusted and perfected in the past one hundred years,and the pursuit of more optimized 'affordable housing'solution is the essence of 'Lease and Purchase'. It is of great practical significance to understand and grasp the practice and consequences of the policy on housing in the United States and to achieve the housing policy goal in China.