新中国农地产权制度变迁研究

Study on the Change of Agricultural Land Property Rights System in New China

新中国农地产权制度变迁历程可分为两个阶段,前一阶段是确立农地的集体所有权,后一阶段是在巩固农民集体所有权基础上放活农地的经营权。整个历程是一个先将产权集中然后又进行分解的过程,并遵循生产关系与生产力的辩证关系,是在"否定之否定"中进行的。产权在不同的时期,根据生产力发展水平和社会经济发展需要可以进行集中也可以进行分解。"三权分置"改革就是对产权中的所有权、承包权和经营权的分解,是适应当前生产力发展需要和发展高效现代农业要求的改革。我国"三权分置"改革的土地确权登记颁证基本完成,但仍存在一系列问题,比如土地流转流程不够规范,土地流转不够普遍,土地转出意愿比转入意愿更加强烈,农业规模经济的形成难度较大等。农地产权制度改革是实现乡村振兴的制度保障,应继续不断完善我国农地产权制度。

There are two stages in the course of the change of agricultural land property right system in China.The first stage is to establish collective ownership of agricultural land,and the second stage is to liberalize the management right of agricultural land on the basis of consolidating collective ownership.The whole process is a process of concentrating property rights and then decomposing them.It follows the dialectical relationship between production relations and productivity.It is carried out in the process of'negation of negation'.Property rights can be concentrated or decomposed in different periods according to the level of productivity development and the needs of social and economic development.The reform of'Three Rights Separation'means the decomposition of ownership,contractual rights and management rights in property rights.It is a reform that meets the needs of the current development of productivity and the development of efficient modern agriculture.The land certification and registration reform in China has been basically completed,but there are still a series of problems,such as the lack of standardization of land transfer process,the lack of universality of land transfer,the stronger willingness of land transfer out than the willingness to transfer in,and the greater difficulty of forming agricultural economies of scale.The reform of agricultural land property right system is the system guarantee to realize the rural revitalization.We should continue to improve the agricultural land property right system in China.