活劳动向量与商品价值计量方法研究

Research on Living Labor Vector and Commodity Value Measurement Method

商品价值量是商品生产中所消耗的活劳动量和物化劳动量之和,但对商品价值量实证计算过程中活劳动投入向量如何处理,具体劳动如何向抽象劳动转化,如何利用现实经济数据准确测算马克思主义政治经济学意义上的活劳动向量和商品价值量,理论上始终存在不同观点。本文从"工资向量是活劳动向量"的研究进路出发,考察导致工资向量偏离活劳动指数向量的诸因素,利用回归指数分解法求出各影响因素的贡献率,剔除这些因素造成的差异,还原更加接近实际的活劳动指数向量,从而求得修正后的各产业部门商品价值量。计算结果显示,修正前后的商品价值量总量,特别是交换价值相对量存在明显差异,修正后的商品价值向量应更符合马克思劳动价值论的本意。

The value of commodity value is the sum of the amount of living labor and materialized labor consumed in the production of goods. However,there are always different views in theory on how to deal with the living labor input vector in the process of empirical calculation of commodity value,how to transform the specific labor into abstract labor,and how to use real economic data to truly measure the living labor vector and commodity value in the sense of Marxist political economy. This paper started from the research approach of "salary vector is a living labor vector",investigated the factors that cause the wage vector to deviate from the living labor index vector,and used the regression index decomposition method to find the contribution rate of each influencing factor,and eliminated the difference caused by these factors. Finally,we can obtain the corrected commodity value of each industrial sectors. The calculation results shows that there is a significant difference in the total amount of commodity value before and after the correction,especially the relative amount of exchange value. We believe that this revised commodity value vector is more in line with Marx's labor theory of value.