域观范式视角下的企业及其竞争力

Enterprises and Their Competitiveness from the Perspective of Domain View Paradigm

只要走出经济学的抽象假设王国,面对现实世界,经济学就不得不承认,人和企业的行为并非唯一地受经济理性(经济利益最大化)所驱动,还有价值倾向、文化习俗、制度制约等,都对个人和企业的行为产生不可忽视的重要影响。不同的个人和企业有可能选择不同的行为目标,或对不同目标确定不同的优先顺序;其决策行为既有理性自主,又有适应顺从,而且各自的心理偏好也不尽相同。关于企业同质的假定是一个在逻辑链上存在诸多间断点的经济学体系基石。粗略划分,现实中的企业至少可以有这样四种基本类型:自利企业、兼利企业、社会企业和极致企业。国有企业是一个特殊的企业域观群类,即企业大家庭中有别于其他企业的一个特殊“域类”。在国有企业改革和演化过程中,行为目标的确立是一个核心问题。市场竞争过程并非如微观范式承诺所想象的那种同质企业的自由竞争状态,而是异质企业的有效竞争状态。不同域类的企业群体,并非主观设想的制度安排结果,而是在现代企业制度环境中自然演化形成的企业生态结构,企业世界的域观现实本身就是市场竞争的结果。自利企业、兼利企业、社会企业和极致企业,在统一的市场竞争中都会有自己的生存发展空间。传统经济学的微观范式所承诺的“自利同质企业自由竞争”的世界已经演变为域观范式所承诺的“多域异质企业有效竞争”的新世界。

As long as you get out of the abstract hypothesis of economics and face the real world,economics has to admit that the behavior of people and enterprises is not uniquely driven by economic rationality(maximizing economic benefits).There are also value trends,cultural practices,institutional constraints,etc.,which have an important impact on the behavior of individuals and businesses.Different individuals and businesses may choose different behavioral goals or prioritize different goals.Its decision-making behavior is both rational and adaptive,and their psychological preferences are not the same.The assumption about homogeneity of enterprises is the cornerstone of an economic system with many discontinuities in the logical chain.Roughly divided,there are at least four basic types of companies in reality:self-interested companies,balanced interests enterprises,social enterprises,and extreme enterprises.State-owned enterprises are a special type of enterprise domain group,that is,a special“domain class”that is different from other enterprises in the enterprise family.In the process of reform and evolution of state-owned enterprises,the establishment of behavioral goals is a core issue.The market competition process is not the free competition state of homogenous enterprises as imagined by the micro-paradigm commitment,but the effective competition state of heterogeneous enterprises.The enterprise groups of different domains are not the result of subjective envisaged institutional arrangements,but the ecological structure of the enterprise formed by natural evolution in the modern enterprise institutional environment.The domain reality of the enterprise world itself is the result of market competition.Selfinterested enterprises,balanced interests enterprises,social enterprises and extreme enterprises will have their own survival and development space in the unified market competition.The world of“free competition of selfinterested homogeneous enterprises”promised by the micro-paradigm of traditional economics has evolved into a new world of“multi-domain heterogeneous enterprises effective competition”promised by the domain view paradigm.