美国外商直接投资区域分异特征研究

Regional differentiation characteristics of foreign direct investments in the United States

八十年代以来,大量外商直接投资流入美国,逐步使美国成为国际直接投资的净流入国。文章分别以美国大区和洲为研究地域单元,多角度地分析了美国外商直接投资区域分异特征,主要研究结论如下:在大区层面上,各大区的投资比例具有不平衡性,高投资比例的大区与低投资比例的大区之间的不平衡性具有稳定性,且低投资比例的大区比高投资比例的大区的稳定性强。在洲际层面上,外商直接投资分布有沿海性倾向,呈“U”型分布状态;投资密度以密西西比河为界,东西对比格局强烈;制造业带所在地区整体位次上升快,显示了制造业带的较强的聚集效应;一般而言,人口少,面积大的洲,人均投资额高。

Since the early of 1980s, there has been a great influx of foreign directs investments into the United States. This has made the United States the net foreign direct investment-receiving nation because of the changing of the international direct investment situation in 1989. This paper studies regional differentiation position and characteristics from three investment aspects: share, density and per capita and choosing 9 divisions(only from share aspect), 51 states (including District of Columbia) in the United States as research geographic units. Key findings are: at division level, there is unbalance between divisions and stable between high share divisions and low share divisions, moreover, stability of low share divisions is more stable than that of high share divisions; at state level, foreign direct investment tend to be concentrated in coastal areas with 'U' pattern; there is also an contrast pattern from density aspect between east of Mississippi River and west of Mississippi River; rankings of these states lying in manufacturing area increase rapidly; and in general, there is high per capita in these states possess are population and big area.