一套研究水稻抗瘟性材料体系的建立和应用

Establish and Apply of A Set of Material System for Studying the Resistance to Blast in Rice

以中国华南地区曾普遍使用的抗瘟性水稻材料外选 35、目前广东省水稻生产上种植面积最大的具有水平抗瘟性和高收获指数特点的水稻品种粤香占和广东最早的优质食味好的品种七丝占为亲本材料 ,通过杂交后代单粒传递方法和DNA杂交方法 ,创造了一套对抗瘟性基因及抗性机理和优质等农艺性状研究具有重要价值的材料体系 ,分别为重组自交系群体 (recombinationinbredline ,RIL)、扩展重组自交系群体 (expendrecombinationinbredline ,ERIL)和突变体重组自交系群体 (transfered mutantrecombinationinbredline,TRIL)。在RIL群体中 ,鉴定出该材料体系中对鉴定稻瘟病菌株的各种抗性基因组合材料 ,为“基因对基因学说”提供了直接的材料证据。用同一对照和同样方法 ,在ERIL群体中 ,肯定了表现水平抗性的粤香占具有多个主效抗性基因和多个微效抗性基因 ,为水平抗性的多基因控制提供了初步证据。还创造出了一套可用于研究水平抗性的稳定材料群体。用野生稻外源DNA电激导入方法获得粤香占水平抗性突变为垂直抗性的突变株 ,并从简单重复序列多态性 (SSLP)方面 ,证明了突变体群体的变异情况。这些研究和材料体系为抗瘟性机理研究、基因克隆。

The study used Waixuan35, a blast resistant rice material adopted widely previously in South China, Yuexiangzhan, a rice variety with the largest planting area in Guangdong Province at present and with the characteristics of horizontal blast resistance and high harvest index, and Qisizhan, the earliest good eating quality variety in Guangdong Province as parent materials, and created an important material system for studying agricultural characters such as rice blast resistance genes, their resistance mechanisms and quality by hybridization offspring single grain transfer method and DNA hybridization method, namely recombination inbred line (RIL), extend recombination inbred line (ERIL) and transferred mutant recombination inbed line (TRIL) assemblages. In RIL assemblage, various materials of resistance gene combinations for identifying rice blast pathogen strains had been identified from the material system, providing direct material evidence for gene to gene theory. Using the same control and same method, in ERIL assemblage, it was proved that there were several main resistance genes and several minor resistance genes in horizontal resistant Yuexiangzhan, providing preliminary evidences for multigene control in horizontal resistance. A set of stable material assemblages for studying future horizontal resistance had been created. A mutation material of Yuexiangzhan from horizontal resistance to vertical resistance was obtained by wild rice external DNA electric stimulation introduction, and variation in mutation assemblage was certified by SSLP. These studies and materials provided important new materials for studying rice blast resistance mechanisms, gene cloning, resistance genes especially horizontal resistance.