不同家庭教养方式与大学生共情能力的关系

Relationship between different family rearing styles and empathy ability of college students

目的:探讨不同家庭教养方式对大学生共情能力的影响,为家校共育共同提升大学生共情能力提供理论依据。方法:从潍坊某高校在校本科生中随机抽取334人作为研究对象,采用问卷调查的方法,运用SPSS 19.0进行数据录入和统计分析。结果:在性别方面上,父母严厉、惩罚维度存在着明显差异(F=11.728,5.914;P<0.01),且与是否是独生子女存在交互效应(F=4.451,5.087;P<0.05),同时其与生源地和是否独生子女三者间也存在交互效应(F=3.981,8.117;P<0.05)、父亲偏爱维度在性别上也存在着明显差异,且与生源地存在交互效应(F=8.957,7.466;P<0.01);在是否独生子女方面,父母偏爱维度(F=29.377,16.603;P<0.001)、父母情感温暖、理解维度(F=7.483,4.852;P<0.05)差异显著,且均和生源地存在交互效应(F=12.119,5.122;P<0.05);在生源地方面,母亲偏爱维度存在显著差异(F=4.267,P<0.05),且父母过分干涉维度上生源地和是否独生子女都存在交互效应(F=12.361,5.147;P<0.01);对大学生的共情能力分析中得出:共情能力在性别这个因素上主效应差异极其显著,女生显著高于男生(F=17.893,P<0.001),而在其余两个因素上主效应均差异不显著,多因素交互效应分析得出:性别和是否独生子女两者的交互效应差异显著(F=5.123,P<0.05),其余因素交互效应不显著;家庭教养方式对共情能力的回归分析得出:6个因子进入回归方程,其中对共情能力有正预测作用的是父母情感温暖、理解(t=7.941,9.532;P<0.001),对共情能力有负预测作用的是父母严厉、惩罚和父母拒绝否认(t=-8.347,-8.148,-6.113,-6.268;P<0.001)。结论:家庭教养方式能有效预测大学生共情能力。

Objective:To explore the influence of different parenting styles on college students’empathy ability,and provide a theoretical basis for family and school education to jointly improve the empathy ability of college students.Methods:A total of 334 people randomly selected from a university in Weifang were selected as the research object.The method of questionnaire survey was used to carry out data entry and statistical analysis by using SPSS 19.0.Results:On the gender aspect,there were obvious differences between the parents’severity and the punishment dimension(F=11.728,5.914;P<0.01),and there were significant differences between the existence of the interaction effects of the only child(F=4.451,5.087;P<0.05),at the same time,there were interaction effects between the three students and the only child(F=3.981,8.117;P<0.05),and the father’s preference dimension,and interaction effect with birthplace(F=8.957,7.466;P<0.01);In the only child,parental preference dimension,parental emotional warmth,understanding dimension were significantly different(F=29.377,16.603,7.483,4.852;P<0.05),and there was interaction effect with the source place;(F=12.119,5.122;P<0.05);In the place of origin,there was significant differencer in mother preference dimensions(F=4.267,P<0.05),and there was an interaction effect between parents’excessive interference in dimension and the only child(F=12.361,5.147;P<0.01),and there was a significant gender difference(F=17.893,P<0.001)in the empathy of college students,and there was no significant difference in the primary effect between the place of origin and the only child(P>0.05);there was a significant difference in the interaction between sex and only child(F=5.123,P<0.05),there was no significant difference in the other factors(P>0.05).The regression analysis of empathy in family rearing patterns drew six factors into the regression equation.the positive predictive effect of the empathy was the warmth and understanding of the parents(t=7.941,9.532;P<0.001),and the negative predictive effect of the empathy were the severity of the parents,the punishment and the refusal of the parents(t=-8.347,-8.148,-6.113,-6.268;P<0.001).Conclusion:Family rearing patterns can effectively predict the empathy of college students.