正反同义结构“除非……,不……”与“除非……,(才)……”——兼论“除非”的词义问题

A Pair of Affirmative and Negative Forms in Chinese with the Same Meaning:On the Problem of Word Sense of “Chufei”

'除非……,不……'和'除非……,(才)……'构成一对正反同义结构,二者正反同义的原因是'除非'一词兼表肯定义和否定义。'除非'表肯定义时词义近于'只有',表否定义时具体词义依句意而定,近于'若非''非''不是''除了……之外'等。'除非'的两个词义有着不同的词义生成机制,其否定义源于'除'和'非'的同义并列强化,其肯定义源于'除非……,不……'和'……,始/方/才……'的语义杂糅和结构重组。

While'chufei……,bu……'and'chufei……,(cai)……'are negative and affirmative in form respectively,they have the same meaning,which results from the fact that the word'chufei'can express either affirmative or negative meaning.When expressing affirmative meaning,the word'chufei'is closest to'zhiyou'in meaning;its meaning counts on the concrete meaning of the sentence it appears in when it conveys negative meaning,in which case it is in meaning similar to'ruofei','fei','bushi','chule…zhiwai'and so on.Two meaning of'chufei'have the different generative mechanism:The negative meaning of'chufei'stems from the juxtaposition and reinforcement of the same sense of'chu'and'fei',while its affirmative meaning arises from sematic blending and structural reconstruction.