长白山区野生刺五加种群结构与数量特征分析

Analysis on population structure and quantitative characteristics of wild Acanthopanax senticosus in Changbai Mountain

采用样地调查法,对长白山区野生刺五加种群资源现状、群落特征及种群数量进行研究,分析群落物种丰富度、多样性指数、主要灌木物种的重要值及种群个体数量估算,结果表明:野生刺五加种群主要分布在阔叶红松林、蒙古栎林、杂木林和云冷杉林群落内,阔叶红松林内种群区域分布频度最大,部分区域已形成优势群落。云冷杉林内乔、灌木层Pielou均匀度指数(R)均为最高,灌木层生态优势度指数(SN)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(SW)最高,而丰富度指数D2和Hurlbert种间机遇指数(H)最低。杂木林内丰富度指数(D1、D2)最高,蒙古栎林内Hurlbert种间机遇指数(H)最高,说明云冷杉林内刺五加群落相对较为稳定,而其他林内由于人为采挖严重,群落相对不稳定。刺五加在阔叶红松林的灌木层占有较高重要性,重要值最大,其大小依次为阔叶红松林>杂木林>云冷杉林>蒙古栎林。

The population resource situation,community characteristics and population quantity of wild Acanthopanax senticosus in Changbai Mountain were researched and the species richness,diversity index,the importance value of main shrub species and population number of individuals were analyzed by using sample-plot survey. The result showed that the wild Acanthopanax senticosus population was mainly distributed in broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forest,Quercus mongolica forest,miscellaneous forest,Picea asperata and Abies fabri forest community. The population areal distribution frequentness of broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forest was the largest and part of them had formed advantage community. The Pielou evenness index( R) was the largest in arbor and shrub of Picea asperata and Abies fabri forest. The ecologic dominance index( SN) and Shannon-Wiener diversity index( SW) were the highest while the richness index D2 and Hurlbert interspecific crossing index( H) was the lowest. The richness index( D1、D2) was highest in miscellaneous forest while the Hurlbert interspecific crossing index( H) was highest in Quercus mongolica forest. It demonstrated that Acanthopanax senticosus community of Picea asperata and Abies fabri forest was relatively stable. And the other forest was relatively unstable because man-made digging. Acanthopanax senticosus took up high importance in shrub layer of broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forest.Furthermore,the importance value was the largest.The order was broad-leaved Pinus koraiensis forest>miscellaneous forest>Picea asperata and Abies fabri forest>Quercus mongolica forest.