夏大豆在东北春大豆育种中的利用研究——Ⅲ.高产品种(系)的选育

A STUDY ON THE USE OF SUMMER SOYBEAN GERMPLASM IN SPRING SOYBEAN BREEDING PROGRAMS IN THE NORTHEAST OF CHINA Ⅲ.BREEDING FOR HIGH YIELD VARIETIES (LINES)

在东北春大豆育种中引入山东省夏大豆种质,在此基础上着重对产量因素,特别是单株荚数及每节荚数的选择,可提高产量选择效果。具体做法是配制三类组合。第一类为春×夏大豆组合,选育丰产育种材料。第二类以春×夏大豆组合后代材料与当地适应型品种或品系进行杂交,选育高产品种(或品系)。第三类为第二类组合衍生的优良品系再与当地适应型品种或品系杂交,选育高产品种。结果表明,从第一类组合选育出一批优异丰产种质;从第二、三类组合中选育出了丰产性突出、品质优良、抗花叶病毒病、综合性状优良的品种(或品系)。此育种方案既保持了遗传基础的复杂性,也保持了连续性。达到了丰产性与适应性的高水平统一。因而是一个高产育种的有效新途径。

The results of introducing summer soybean germplasm from Shandong Province into spring soybean breeding program in the Northeast of China were reported in this paper. In the breeding program, selections were made for yield components, especially pods per plant and pods per nod, to improye the selection efficiency of yield. Tree types of crosses were made as the fol- lowing: 1. Spring×Summer, the objective was to obtain breeding material with high yield potentials; 2. High yield progenies with homogeneous major ecological characters of the first cross type×local adaptive cultivars or breeding lines, the purpose was to develop varieties or lines with high productivity; 3. Breeding lines derived from the second cross type × local adaptive varieties or lines, the objective was to develop high yield varieties. The results indicated that germplasms with high yield potentials could be obtained from the first type of crosses. High yield, good quality, and disease resistant cultivars with exlent agronomical characters could be developed from the second and third types of crosses. Since the breeding program can not only maintain genetic variability, but co-ordinate the productivity and adaptability on a high level, it provided an effective new way for high yield soybean breeding.