吉林省大豆品种资源研究——Ⅲ.株型分类与株型育种

STUDIES ON SOYBEAN GERMPASM RESOURCES IN JILIN PROVINCE Ⅲ.THE PLANT TYPE CLASSIFICATION AND BREEDING BY THE PLANT TYPE

本文修订了日本渡边岩的大豆株型分类方法,根据株高、分枝多少、分枝长度和分枝张开程度,把吉林省大豆品种资源的株型分为高杆主茎张开型、高杆主茎收敛型、高杆分枝张开型、高杆分枝收敛型、中杆主茎张开型、中杆主茎收敛型、中杆分枝张开型、中杆分枝收敛型、矮杆主茎张开型、矮杆主茎收敛型、矮杆分枝张开型、矮杆分枝收敛型12类。讨论了有关大豆株型以及株型育种问题,认为所谓株型应是对生长习性为直立或半直立类型的栽培品种而言,只包括茎部性状的狭义株型,对大豆产量育种更有实用意义。分析了吉林省品种的株型特点,结果表明,除株高外,其他株型性状的地理分布没有十分明显的规律性。认为株型的相对稳定性,决定于品种的基因型,株型的变化主要决定于栽培条件。现阶段吉林省大豆株型育种目标:高产水平育种,应以中杆主茎收敛型为主;中低产水平育种,应以中高杆分枝收敛型为主。目前应侧重中高杆分枝收敛型高产品种的选育。

The soybean plant type classification of Japan's Du Bianyan was re- vised. According to plant height, number, lengh and angle of branches, plant types of soybean germplasms in Jilin province were classified into 12 categories as follows. ① Long main stem type with fewer branches and large branch angles(HAa); ② Long main stem type with fewer branches and small branch angles (HAb); ③ Long main stem type with more branches and large branch angles (HBa); ④ Long main stem type with more branches and small branch angles (HBb); ⑤ Medium main stem type with fewer branches and large branch angles (MAa); ⑥ Medium main stem type with fewer branches and small branch angles (MAb); ⑦ Medium main stem type with more branches and large branch angles (MBa); ⑧ Medium main stem type with more branches and small branch angles (MBb); ⑨ Short main stem type with fewer branches and large branch angles (LAa); ⑩ Short main stem type with fewer branches and small branch angles (LAb); (11) Short main stem type with more branches and large branch angles (LBa); (12) Short main stem with more branches and small branch angles (LBb). For plant type, we should give a definition in the range of errect or semi-errect cultivars. The plant type in a narrow sense which is difined by stem characters only is of importance for breeding on soybean yield. Of all plant type Characters, only plant height type has a regular geographical distribution. Its distribution is in conformity with pod-bearing habit and maturity groups. The relative stability of the plant type depends on. the genotype, and its variability depends on the environment condition. The breeding under high-yield level should put emphasis on the MAb type, and the breeding under lower-middle yield level should put emphasis on the HBb or MBb types in the present stage.