近卫军与罗马68—69年内战

Praetorian Guards and Roman Civil War (68 ～ 69 AD)

68—69年内战为罗马帝国历史上第一场大规模内战。短短一年时间里,三次燃起战火,四位皇帝(包括尼禄)被杀。罗马、意大利以外的行省军团纷纷拥立自己的将领为帝,为争夺王权与近卫军展开厮杀。此间,近卫军既是内战的始作俑者,也是积极参与者,每每充当“主角”,为内战发生、发展推波助澜。近卫军参与内战,加剧了内战对国家、社会的破坏烈度,进一步提升了近卫军的地位并在日后的历史上一再得到印证。

The war between 68 and 69 AD was the first large-scale civil war in the history of the Roman Empire.Within just one year,three wars broke out and four emperors(including Nero)were killed.The provincial legions outside Rome and Italy began to acclaim their own generals as emperors,fighting with the Praetorian Guards for the throne.On the other hand,the Praetorian Guards were active participants in as well as instigators of the civil war.They often acted as“leading figures”and contributed to the outbreak and evolution of the war.The fact that the Praetorian Guards were involved in the civil war largely intensified the magnitude of destruction of the wars against the state and society and further enhanced the status of the Praetorian Guards,which was to be confirmed time and again in the future.