近代中国军事兽医教育之滥觞——陆军兽医学校

Beginning of Modern China’s Military Veterinary Education——Army Veterinary School

清末新政期间,出于军事教育改革的需要,清政府创设了北洋马医学堂。北洋政府时期,兽医学校办学受到国内政局的严重干扰。南京国民政府建立伊始,鉴于兽医在陆军建设方面的重要性,军政部通过制定教育法规、增设专业、扩大编制及招生规模等方式,对其进行全面整顿。抗战时期,尤其是在军需民用兽医人才紧缺的情况下,陆军兽医学校通过灵活多样的教学方式,加大人才培养力度,为前后方输送了畜牧兽医所需从业人员,其附设兽医院还从事部队伤病马骡及民畜疫病的防治工作,这些都有益于战时国防及经济实力的增强。同时,在抗战的艰苦岁月里,陆军兽医学校教职员工除繁重的教学工作之外,还积极从事学术研究和参与地方社会建设等活动,这不但推动了近代中国畜牧兽医高等教育事业的发展,而且助推了大后方的社会变迁。

When'new policies'were practiced in the late Qing Dynasty,there came the need to have military education reform,so the government founded the Beiyang Horse Veterinary School.During the period of Beiyang Government,the management of the veterinary school was seriously disrupted by the domestic political situation.When the Nanjing National Government was first established,considering the importance of veterinarians in the construction of the Army,the Ministry of Military Affairs decided to have an overhaul by formulating educational laws and regulations,adding new specialties,expanding the scale of organization and enrollment.During the Anti-Japanese War,due to the shortage of military veterinary talents,the Army Veterinary School strengthened the effort in talent training by means of flexible and diverse teaching methods.The school provided veterinarians and other trained personnel in animal husbandry for both the front and the rear.Its attached veterinary hospital was engaged in treatment of wounded horses and mules in the army and also the prevention and control work of livestock epidemic disease.These were beneficial to the enhancement of wartime national defense and economic strength.At the same time,in the arduous war years,the faculty and staff of the Army Veterinary School,in addition to heavy teaching work,actively occupied themselves in academic research and participated in local social construction activities.That not only promoted the development of modern Chinese higher education in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine,but also helped support the social changes in the rear.