足球运动员在递增负荷运动中通气量变化特征的对比研究

Research on the Changing Feature of Ventilation Volume of Football Athletes

探讨足球和其他专项运动员通气量变化特征及其可能机理,为运动训练效果的评价和科学选材提供理论依据。选取足球专项运动员、运动训练专业学生和普通专业学生共计60人,测试跑台递增负荷运动中的通气功能。结果:(1)足球运动员与训练专业和普通学生每分钟潮气量存在较大差异,尤其是在开始和结束阶段。(2)足球运动员与训练专业学生和普通学生相比,呼吸频率存在着差异,在结束阶段差异最为明显。(3)三者每分钟通气量变化不大,无显著差异(p>0.05),足球运动员只是在峰值大小和达到峰值的时间先后存在较大差异。在相同负荷的运动中,足球运动员与其他学生相比,只需较低的呼吸就能满足机体运动的需要,这可能是其呼吸能量节省化的表现。在代偿性过度通气阶段,训练专业学生和普通学生的通气量已由峰值开始下降,但足球运动员的通气量却持续上升,这可能与足球运动员长期的耐力训练导致神经系统的兴奋性启动缓慢,调节能力以及呼吸肌力量、速度力量等改善密切相关。

To Investigate the variation of ventilation volume and its possible mechanism of football and other special athletes,and in order to provide a theoretical basis in evaluation of the effect of exercise training and scientific selection. 60 persons were selected from football players,athletic training students and ordinary students. They were tested in ventilatory function of the incremental exercise in treadmill. Results: ⑴ Compared with athletic training students and ordinary students,the tidal volume per minute of football players were in a big difference,especially at the beginning and end of the stage. ⑵ Compared with athletic training students and ordinary students,the respiratory rate of football players were in a difference,especially at the end of the stage. ⑶ The minute ventilation volume were in little change and had no significant difference among the three groups( P > 0. 05),but the peak size and the sequence time to reach the peak of the football players were in a big difference. Compared with other students,the football players met the needs of the body movement with a lower respiratory rate in the same load movement,it might be the energy saving of the respiratory performance. In the compensatory hyperventilation phase,the ventilation volume of athletic training students and ordinary students had started to decline from the peak,however the ventilation volume of football players continued to rise,they were possibly close-related to the improvement of regulation,respiratory muscle strength and speed strength,the slow starting of the nervous system excitability by football players' long-term endurance training.