优秀游泳运动员赛前2小时和30分钟心理唤醒状态研究

Research on Excellent Swimmers' Mental-arousal 2 hours or 30 minutes Before Competition

将31名优秀游泳运动员按照比赛发挥程度分为较好、一般、较差组,在赛前2小时、30分钟采用《运动员心理唤醒量表(MASA)》对运动员进行调查,分析不同组别运动员赛前心理唤醒状态差异,探索优秀游泳运动员赛前适宜比赛的心理唤醒水平。结果表明:不同发挥程度游泳运动员赛前唤醒水平存在差异;心理唤醒强度、负性心理唤醒是影响优秀游泳运动员赛前唤醒状态敏感维度,与比赛发挥关系密切,正性唤醒并非影响游泳运动员赛前唤醒的敏感维度。游泳运动员临赛前应具备中等偏高水平的正性心理唤醒和心理唤醒强度,中等偏低水平的负性心理唤醒;建议教练员重视赛前水上准备活动,重视赛时心理唤醒水平调节。

Divide 31 excellent swimmers into 3 groups,out-performing,normal-performing and low-performing groups. Then make a research towards the swimmers with MASA 2 hours and 30 minutes respectively before competition,analyze the difference of mental-arousal status among the 3 groups,and then figure out the proper mental-arousal status for those excellent swimmers.Results show that different performers have got different mental-arousal levels,the mental-arousal strength and negative mental-arousal affect swimmers' arousing sensitiveness dimension that is important to their performance,the positive mental-arousal has got no effects. Swimmers should enjoy higher-than-average positive mental arousal with proper strength and lower-than-average negative mental arousal. We suggest coaches attach importance to the pre-match preparation and the mental-arousal level during the match.