少年标枪运动员训练计划安排对身体素质与成绩的影响研究

The Effects of Training Arrangement on the Physical Ability and Performance of Adolescent Javelin Throwers

以14名标枪运动员(男子3名,女子11名)为研究对象,对比他们参加标枪专项训练前后的身体素质、专项能力和运动成绩的情况,结合教练员训练经验和体会,并参考国内外相关研究成果,分析少年标枪运动员训练计划安排对身体素质与成绩的影响,总结训练的关键原则。研究结果表明,经过4-14年的训练,运动员下肢爆发力平均提高20%左右,上肢力量提高接近200%,而投掷专项能力和成绩提高了1到3倍。因此,少年标枪运动员的训练要根据少年儿童的生长发育规律,做到身体素质训练、专项素质训练紧紧围绕专项技术进行,依据完整技术来设计训练手段,训练负荷安排一定要适宜,强度安排一定要合理,切忌拔苗助长。要认真抓好少年标枪运动员的技术训练,为今后大规模的突破专项能力做好准备。

Javelin is one of four throwing events in track and field. Both physical quality and throwing technique are highly needed by javelin throwers. Reasonable arrangement of adolescent javelin athletes training could greatly improve the achievement. This study investigatd changes in general srength and conditioning,specific strength,and event performance of 14 javelin throwers( 3men and 11 women). The purpose of this study was to summarized their coach's experience and literature,analyzed the effects of training programs on throwers' physical conditions and sports performance. The results showed after 4 to 14 years training,the power of leg was increased about 20%,the strength of arm was increased close to 200%,the thorwing specific ability and the performance had 1- 3 times improved. This paper conclued that the training arrangement of adolescent javelin throwers must according to the children's growth rules,physical quality training and specific capacity training must closely around the javelin throw technique. Technique training is the key of adolescent javelin throwers. Targeted practical training methods should be developed base on the whole technique of javelin throw. Training load arrangement must be appropriate,strength training arrangement must be reasonable,to avoid injury.