运动视觉控制对协调性的影响——基于跳绳动作的生物力学分析

The Effects of Sports Vision Control for Coordination——Biomechanical Analysis Based on the Action of Rope Skipping

运动视觉控制日益受到研究者的关注,而运动中的协调性是体能中的重要一环,运用运动生物力学手段与方法,通过限制跳绳时的运动视觉,比较睁眼与蒙眼条件下,运动学及动力学的变化特征及差异,分析运动视觉在协调性中的控制作用,为今后运动视觉对协调性的量化研究提供参考,也将促进跳绳运动在全民健身中及青少年体育活动中的广泛推广。方法:受试者为15名普通体育院校男生,以100turns/min的速度在Kistler三维测力板进行跳绳,采用Vicon运动捕捉系统同步拍摄跳绳动作,截取一个完整周期的跳绳动作进行分析。采用Spss22.0系统软件对关节角度、起跳时机、作用力等13个指标进行t检验。结果:在运动学方面,上肢(肩、肘、腕)关节和下肢(髋、膝、踝)

The control of sport vision is more and more attention,and the coordination of sports is an important part of physical fitness,The purpose is to analyze the control of sport vision in rope skipping by comparison of kinetic and kinematical variation characteristics and differences in the conditions of closing eyes and opening eyes,based on bio- mechanics,so as to provide references for future relevant researches on sport vision and coordination,It also will promote the wide spread of the rope skipping in the national fitness and youth sports activities. Method: The subjects,15 male students from an average PE institute,are asked to skip on a 3- dimensional testing board,Kistler,at a speed of 100 turns / min. The movements are shot synchronously by a movement capture system,Vicon,and a complete skip cycle is selected to be analyzed. Joint angles,time of taking off,acting force and 5other indicators are sampled and tested by Spss22. 0 system. Results: In kinematics,the upper joints( shoulders,elbows and wrists) and the lower joints( hips,knees and ankles),are significantly different( p < 0. 05),and take- off time,soaring time and landing time are not( p > 0. 05); in kinetics,the maximum vertical ground reacting force,50 ms passive impulse,impulse and the maximum rate of loading are not significantly different( p > 0. 05) in the condition of sport visual limitation. Conclusion and advice: With sport visual limitation,the subjects will shift their proprioception to other parts of the body and control them consciously.As an exercise of single mode,long- term rope skipping may cause risks in lower joint and bone injuries. Therefore,it is advisable to adopt visual limitation as an assistant means to enhance the body's sensory integration and self- control. In the future,ropes of various lengths at various frequencies with EMG test can be used to further explore the coordination and sensory integration.