劳资分配率、劳动力再生产与国民健康——基于跨国面板数据的实证研究

Exploitation Rate,Labor Force Reproduction and National Health——An Empirical Research Based on Transnational Panel Data

本文基于马克思主义政治经济学中的劳动力再生产理论对国民健康问题进行了考察。文章不仅分析了劳资分配率变化将增加劳动强度,挤压工人收入,限制工人及其家庭医疗卫生支出,进而影响国民健康,制约劳动力'高质量'再生产的传导机制,而且还运用了世界39个国家(地区)1995~2009年的面板数据,验证了劳资分配率提升将显著降低发达国家国民的预期寿命,而对于发展中国家的国民健康影响不显著。这意味着当经济发展达到较高水平后,收入分配这类刻画生产关系的相对指标将对国民健康产生重要影响,而在经济发展水平较低的阶段,诸如人均GDP等衡量绝对量值的指标对国民健康的影响更为突出。

This paper examined the issue of national health based on the theory of labor force reproduction in Marxist political economics. On the one hand, this article analyzed the transmission mechanism where changed in exploitation rate would increase the labor intensity, squeeze the workers’ incomes, limit medical expenditure of workers and their families, and then affected the national health and restrict high-quality reproduction of the labor force; on the other hand, it employed panel data of 39 countries( regions) in the world from 1995 to 2009 to verify that the increase in exploitation rate would significantly reduce the national life expectancy in developed countries while it did not have a significant impact on national health of developing countries. This meaned that when economic development reachesd a high level, the relative indicator like income distribution which characterized the relationship of production, would have an important impact on national health, and at the stage of low economic development, the impact of absolute indicatorsed such as per capita GDP are more pronounced.