民事主体的抽象度问题及其对私法体系的影响

The Abstraction of Civil Subject and Its Impact on the System of Private Law

近代民法典的主体存在着"伦理人格"和"财产人格"的基本划分,后者具有形式理性和工具化的特点。从亲属法的人格到商事上市公司法人人格存在着人的抽象度的序列递进现象,人的生物性和伦理性经逐步过滤而最终成为符号化的财产性人格,这一序列递进现象可以有效解释传统私法中亲属法和财产法的区隔、民法和商法的界限以及社会立法所依赖的人格图像转换基础。当代社会信息化进程进一步强化了民事主体的商人化和财产化,未来民法应坚守对于市民社会成员资格和非形式化的伦理人格的规制,在此基础上对于特殊对象如动物、冷冻胚胎和机器人等主体问题,应在确定人格序列递进的位置基础上,进行合理论证和立法取舍。

The subject of modern civil code has the basic division of'ethical personality'and'property personality',which has the characteristics of formal rationality and instrumentalization.From the personality of family law to the personality of legal person of Commercial Listed companies,there is a progressive phenomenon of personality abstraction.In this process,human biology and ethics are filtered gradually and the subject eventually becomes the symbolic property personality.This progressive phenomenon can effectively explain the separation between family law and property law in traditional private law,the boundary between civil law and commercial law,and the foundation of the transformation of personality images trusted by social legislation.The process of informationization in contemporary society further strengthens the commercialization of civil subjects.In the future,civil law should adhere to the regulation of civil society membership and non-formal ethical personality.On this basis,the subject problems of special objects such as animals,frozen embryos and robots should be reasonably demonstrated and legislated on the basis of determining the progressive phenomenon of personality abstraction.