分享经济中的数字劳动:从生产到分配

Digital Labor in the Sharing Economy: from Production to Allocation

针对分享经济中数字劳动的兴起,既有研究多集中在信息技术导致的灵活用工形态、司法认定标准、加强立法保护等方面,试图要求法律回应新的现象,但还未能解决四个问题:(1)在理论上区分形态各异的数字劳动,从而决定哪些劳动应当被纳入劳动法律规范加以保护;(2)认识分享经济平台在组织和调动生产性资源中的基础作用,为判断劳动关系的从属性理论提供新视角;(3)认识到劳动关系的确认只是一个更大的数字时代分配问题的缩影,有必要在分配思路指引下探索更加多元的分配方式;(4)以更为系统的方式为司法判决提供参考指引,并在分享经济持续发展的情况下持续观察。有必要围绕这四个问题进行讨论,希望从一个更宽泛的视角看待互联网究竟为传统用工形式和生产过程带来何种挑战,以及提出更为一般的解决框架。

Confronting the rise of digital labor in the sharing economy,current studies focus on the flexible work caused by information technology,judicial standard,legislative protection,etc.,trying to respond to the new phenomenon by law.However,there are at least four problem to be solved yet that this paper tries to explore further:(1)to distinguish different types of digital labor in theory,so as to decide which type could be protected by labor law;(2)to realize the infrastructural function of the sharing economy platform in terms of organizing and motivating productive resources,so as to provide a new perspective to understand subordination theory;(3)to realize that labor relationship is just part of a bigger picture of economic allocation,so as to explore more pluralistic ways of allocation;and(4)to provide indication for judicial decision in a more systematic way,so as to keep observing the how the Internet brings challenges for labor and production in the society.