论“竞争中立”

On “Competition Neutrality”

'竞争中立'(Competitive Neutrality,也称'竞争中性')原为澳大利亚在PRIVATIZATION改革中采取的一项政策工具,意在解决国有企业市场化改制后面临的政策性亏损和经营性亏损如何区分的问题,以防政府对国有企业的政策倾斜和补贴被用于其竞争性业务而损害市场公平竞争。而后以美国为主的西方国家扩张解读'竞争中立'并大力推动,试图将其发展为一项所谓市场经济国家遵循的国际规则,赋予国有企业及政府与企业的关系以负面价值判断,并加以遏制。无论赋予'竞争中立'何种含义,对中国而言都不是真命题,因为中国实践中并不存在相关问题。'竞争中立'与中国的体制相悖,与公平竞争也是不吻合、不相关的。因而我国不应引进'竞争中立'概念并将其作为国家政经体制、社会主义市场经济、经济法和竞争法中的一项基本规则、政策或制度。

'Competition Neutrality'was originally a policy tool adopted by Australia in the reform of PRIVATIZATION.It is intended to solve the problem of how to distinguish between policy losses and operating losses after the market-oriented restructuring of state-owned enterprises,in order to prevent the government policies and subsidies for state-owned enterprises being used in competitive businesses and to impair market fair competition.Then the Western countries especially the United States interpret the'competition neutrality'extensively and promote it vigorously,trying to develop it in to an international rule followed by so-called market economy countries,giving state-owned enterprises and the relationship between government and enterprises a negative value,and containing them.No matter what the meaning of'competition neutrality'is,it is not a true proposition for China,because there is no relevant problem in China’s practice.'competition neutrality'is contrary to China’s system,and is also inconsistent with and irrelevant to fair competition.Therefore,China should not introduce the concept of'competition neutrality'and regard it as a basic rule,policy or institution of the national political and economic system,socialist market economy,economic law and competition law.