论休谟经验论的彻底性和怀疑论的不彻底性

The completeness of Hume's empiricism and incompleteness of skepticism

休谟无疑是十八世纪西方哲学的大师,也是经验论和怀疑论的代表性人物。对休谟经验论和怀疑论甚至自然主义的看法一直存在争论,笔者认为休谟的经验论是彻底的,原因在于休谟的经验论否认了一切实体,追溯到本原问题。而休谟的怀疑论是不彻底的,不单是怀疑的范围不彻底,其理论自身的矛盾就决定了它的不彻底性。而他提出的自然主义,确实一种温和的解决方法,但仍具有一定的缺陷。休谟问题的实质争议颇多,笔者认为因果关系和归纳问题归根到底都是对联系可靠性的怀疑。

Hume is master of western philosophy of the eighteenth century, is also a representative of empiricism and skepticism. Of Hume's empiricism and skepticism and even naturalistic view, there has been debate, the author thinks that Hume's empiricism is thorough, the reason is that Hume's empiricism denies all entities, traced back to primitive problems. And Hume's skepticism is not complete, is not only doubt is not complete, the scope of the theory of contradiction determines its incompleteness. And his naturalism, indeed a mild solution, but it still has some defects. Hume had a dispute about the essence of the problem, the author thinks that causality and inductive problem in the final analysis are all doubts about the reliability of the contact.