至上的权利——德沃金的权利理论解读

Supreme rights——Dworkin's theory of rights

在当代西方法理学界,罗纳德·德沃金(Ronald.Dworkin)无疑是最负盛名的学者之一。从20世纪70年代以来,德沃金以其敏锐的洞察力、独特的分析视角研究了横跨法哲学、伦理学以及政治哲学的诸多议题,如法律的构成与解释问题、司法中自由裁量问题、权利与功利问题以及社会正义问题等。在德沃金丰富的思想论述之中,其权利理论占有着重要的位置。德沃金的权利理论可以说是一幅融合了法哲学和自由主义等理论的综合图画。然其权利界说立论繁复,并非系统阐述,而是散见于诸多论文之中,所以正确德沃金权利理论殊非易事。尽管中国法学对于德沃金权利理论已有关注,但如何正确解读德沃金的权利理论,廓清德沃金权利理论的基本面目,阐发其独特义趣,仍然具有较强的学术意义。本文试图以问题为导向,围绕权利哲学的基本命题,对德沃金的权利理论做一解读。

In the contemporary western legal academics, Ronald Dworkin is undoubtedly one of the most famous scholars. Since the 1970s, Dworkin with his keen insight, from the perspective of the analysis of the unique across the law philosophy, ethics and political philosophy of many issues, such as the structure of the law and explain the problem, in the judicial discretion, rights and utility problems, and social justice issues, etc. In Dworkin rich thoughts on the right theory occupies an important position. Dworkin's theory of rights is a blend of the legal philosophy and liberal theory of comprehensive picture. Her right to define the heavy and complicated, himself is not a system, but is referring to a lot of paper, so the correct Dworkin right theory is not easy. Despite China's legal rights for Dworkin theory for attention, but how to correctly interpret Dworkin's theory of rights, the indexes of Dworkin's basic rights theory, expound its unique meaning, still has strong academic significance. This article is problem oriented, centre on right philosophy, read the basic proposition of Dworkin's theory of rights.