一词多义中的固化现象探索——以法语中的谚语习语为例

Curing phenomenon of polysemy——the French proverb idioms, for example

一词多义是一种普遍现象,是指一个词语有多种不同却相互联络的意义。据词源学的研究,一个词在其最开始出现的时候,经常都是用来指称某一特定事物、现象、语言也逐渐获得新的意义,而具体的意义则开始渐渐衍生出深层次的抽象义、引申义和转义,这样就形成了一词多义。虽然一个词会有多种相互联系的意义,但是这个词如果在习语、谚语之类的固定短语中,其意义也是固定不变的,这就是一词多义中的固化现象。

Polysemy is a common phenomenon, referring to a word which has many different meanings concerned with each other. According to the etymology, a word at first is usually shown some certain thing, phenomenon, language gains a new meaning little by little, so the specific meaning of a word begins to derive a deep abstract meaning, extended meaning and transferred meaning, then it forms polysemy. Though a word has many meanings, in a proverb or conventional constraints, the word meaning is stable. This is called entrenchment