抚慰金与惩罚性赔偿

Solatium and punitive damage

抚慰金与惩罚性赔偿是侵权责任中两个具有独立品性的救济制度。抚慰金救济受害人的精神痛苦损害,直接对受害人予以金钱抚慰和补偿;惩罚性赔偿也是针对精神损害而言的,但直接针对的对象却是行为人的恶意。对精神痛苦的救济需要具备严重的程度,无论是抚慰金赔偿还是惩罚性赔偿,都以存在严重过错的行为人对受害人造成严重精神损害为基础,所以,两类赔偿制度实际所针对的客体是相同的。抚慰金赔偿与惩罚性赔偿在侵权责任当中,其实是对精神痛苦赔偿的分开表述,两者调整的内容是一致的。完整的精神损害救济的侵权制度应该是抚慰金赔偿和惩罚性赔偿的结合。

Solatium and punitive damages are the two independent characters of the relief system in tort liability. Solatium relief to victims suffering damage, directly use the money to comfort the victim; punitive damages also for mental damage, but directly to the malicious behavior of people. For mental anguish relief needs with the severity and whether it is solatium compensation and punitive damages. Based on the serious mental damage, therefore, the object of two types of compensation system is the same. Solatium compensation and punitive damages in tort liability, in fact, is a separate representation of the spirit of pain compensation, the contents of the adjustment of the two are consistent. Integrity of the spirit of the relief of the tort system, is the combination of solatium compensation and punitive damages.