日本女性作品中的南京主题——以林芙美子的南京主题小说为例

The Theme of Nanjing in Japanese Women's Works——Taking Liv Miko's Nanjing Theme Novel as an Example

近年来,以"南京"为主题的文学和影视作品层出不穷,这引起学界的关注和热议。而在日本侵华期间,也有一些南京主题的文学出现,这其中就包括林芙美子的『女性の南京一番乗り』、『南京まで』『黄鶴』等以中国南京为背景和舞台创作的一系列文学作品。作为"记录皇军不灭之战功,建构战争文学之高峰"的日本"笔部队"中两位女作家之一的林芙美子放弃了自由主义个人奋斗的思想,在举国迷狂的战争宣传中迷失了自我的方向。由于几次访华的身份、时期及背景不同,她的中国印象也由喜爱变为敌意。昭和12年12月31日林芙美子作为《每日新闻》的特派员在南京大屠杀刚刚结束后抵达南京,面对惨绝人寰的事实,却为迎合当时日本的国策,而写出种种与事实不符的报道,扭曲战争的真相。因此,林芙美子笔下的中国人形象是负面和丑恶的。目前,在国内对于日本国策文学的研究还远远不够,而对于日本女作家的文学作品中呈现的南京主题的研究更是凤毛麟角。文章以林芙美子寓华期间创作的描写南京沦陷的一系列小说为例,解析小说中的南京主题,揭示日本女作家在战争背景下的精神选择和扭曲的心路历程,从而对日本的侵略战争和殖民统治进行批判,以史为鉴,进一步探讨战争对当今社会的深远影响。

In recent years, emerge in an endless stream and television works by "Nanjing" as the theme, which attracted attention and hot. And during the Japanese invasion of Nanjing, there are also some theme of literature, including Liv Miko's "A woman's Nanjing night", "in Nanjing" "yellow crane" to Chinese in Nanjing as the background and stage of the creation of a series of literary works. As the "immortal exploits imperial records, one of the two female writers peak" war literature of Japan "pen forces" in the Liv Miko abandoned the liberal individual struggle, in the ecstasy of war propaganda in the lost direction. As a result of several visits to China, the time and the background are different, her Chinese impression is also changed from love to hostility. Showa 12 December Liv Miko as 31 st Daily News correspondent arrived in Nanjing just after the Nanjing massacre, facing the extremely brutal facts, but to meet the needs of Japan's national policy, and write all kinds of reports inconsistent with the facts, distort the truth about the war. Therefore, the image of the Chinese in Liv Miko's writings is negative and ugly. At present, the research on Japanese policy literature in China is far from enough, and the research on the theme of Nanjing presented by Japanese women writers is rare. The creation of Liv Miko to combine a series of novels description of China during the period of the fall of Nanjing as an example, analysis of novels in the theme of Nanjing, journey to reveal the Japanese female writers choose spirit in the context of war and distorted, thus the Japanese War of aggression and colonial rule criticism history, to further explore the profound influence of today's war society.