明末清初辽宁地区人口政策与人口流动迁移趋势浅析

Analysis on Population Policy and Migration Trend of Liaoning Province in Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasty

明代东北地区的汉人主要生活分布在辽东地区,而建州女真自明初开始也逐渐聚集到辽东东部、北部地区,距离辽东汉人聚集区越来越近,满、汉民族间的相互渗透,互相融合,其结果必然引起女真社会各方面的变化。努尔哈赤建立后金政权后,为了便于控制新占领地区,将大批的汉人迁往后金之故土,并加强了其民族歧视政策,于是辽宁地区汉民被迫纷纷选择外逃。但随着皇太极即位后,后金政策的修正,以及其对关内人口的掠夺,又使得大批汉民充塞到原女真居住的地区,巩固了后方。所以,明末清初的东北地区呈现人口流入与流出的双向性的迁移。

The Han people living in the northeast of Ming Dynasty mainly live in the eastern part of Liaoning Province, and since the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Qianzhou Nuzhen has gradually gathered in the eastern part of Liaoning Province and the northern part of the region, which is more and more close to the Han nationality gathering area in the eastern part of Liaoning Province. The mutual penetration and fusion of Han nationality will inevitably lead to changes in all aspects of Nu Zhen's society. In order to control the new occupation area, Nuerhachi moved a large number of Han people to the homeland of the late Jin Dynasty, and strengthened its policy of ethnic discrimination. As a result, Han people in Liaoning were forced to flee. However, with the reign of Emperor Taiji, the revision of the policy of the later Jin Dynasty and the plunder of the population in the Guan Dynasty made a large number of Han people crammed into the areas where the former Nu Zhen lived. Therefore, the northeast area of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty showed a dual migration of population inflow and outflow.