腾冲方言亲属称谓女称男化的地理分布和同音冲突解决对策

Geographical Distribution and Homonymous Conflict's Solution of Masculinization of Female Appellation in Tengchong Dialect Kinship Terms

女称男化是一种独特的语言现象,但未引起足够的重视。腾冲方言亲属称谓中的女称男化现象非常普遍,集中分布在腾冲北部的固界片。由女称男化引起的同音冲突问题,其解决对策有两种:(1)变调。仅用于区分"爺"这一称谓。阳平调指示男性,阴平调指示女性。(2)前加修饰成分,包括直接性别成分和间接性别成分。直接性别成分用"姑娘"—"伙子"。间接性别成分是一些通俗的、带有性别色彩的对立词语,如"使牛"—"裹脚"。

Masculinization of female appellation is a distinctive linguistic phenomenon which has Not attracted enough attention. It is quite comm on to call the female relatives in male terms in Tengchong dialect, especially in the northern part. There are two solutions to the problem of homophonic conflict caused by this phenomenon. One is to change the tone. It is only used to distinguish the term 'ye(爺)'. The Yang Ping tone indicates the ma le while the Yin Ping tone indicates the female. The other solution is to add modifiers, including direct and indirect gender components. The direct com ponents use 'lass' or 'lad'. Indirect components use popular, gendered, contradictory terms, such as 'cattle-herding gong(male)' or 'footbinding gong(female)'.