论中世纪时期英国成文性宪法的历史价值——以人权保护为视角

On the Historical Value of the British Written Constitution in the Middle Ages: From the Perspective of the Protection of Human Rights

从亨利一世时期《加冕宪章》对于"王在法下"理念的初步确立,到1215年《自由大宪章》的制定,直至1628年英国议会制定《权利请愿书》,中世纪的英国在宪法体制方面不懈探索,不断赋予英国的宪法政治以划时代的内涵。尤其是《自由大宪章》,作为英国宪政民主发展的产物,它以诸多禁止性条款的形式,从人身、财产、司法和政治等角度规定了对王权的限制和对臣民权利的许诺,对后世的民主思想和宪法制定均具有历史性的价值和意义。

From the initial establishment of the concept of 'under the law' in the Coronation Charter of Henry I, to the making of the Magna Carta of Liberty in 1215, to the making of the petition of Rights by the British Parliament in 1628, Britain in the Middle Ages unremittingly explored the constitutional system, endowing the British constitutional politics with epoch-making connotation. In particular, the Magna Carta of Liberty, as a product of the development of constitutional democracy in Britain, stipulated the restrictions on Wang Quan and the promise of the rights of subjects in the form of many prohibitive clauses from the aspects of person, property, justice and politics. It is of historic value and significance to the democratic thought and constitution of later generations.