岭南园林与中外文化交流

Gardens in Lingnan and Cultural Communication between China and Other Countries

园林和宫殿(包括神的宫殿一庙宇),历来是文化集萃的场所,文化的交流也常在这里发生。岭南,作为中国文化与世界文化最早的交汇地之一,有着优越的自然条件和地理环境,而生于兹、长于兹的岭南园林,就在自觉与不自觉中担负起中外文化交流先驱的使命。中国传统的造园艺术有着悠久的历史、高雅的意境和杰出的水平,其风格与同时代的欧洲造园艺术迥然不同。中国造园艺术曾对欧洲发生过巨大的影响,在世界文化史和中西文化交流史上有着重要的地位。而这种文化出口,特别是其早期,主要发生在岭南地区。反之,鸦片战争以前的岭南地区,尤其是珠江三角洲,又是外国园林文化向中国传播的惟一途径,久而久之,岭南地区出现了大量的、多样化的外国,特别是西方园林文化的痕迹。本文旨在勾勒出岭南园林艺术在文化交流与互动中的历史,探究分析这些变革与成就产生的社会文化背景,阐述文化交流是推动世界和中国近代文化与社会进步的重要动力。

Gardens,palaces and temples,the deities’palaces,are always the right places where the people take cultural activities.There is an excellent natural and geographical condition in Lingnan as one among the earliest districts gathering with Chinese culture and culture in the other parts of the world.Garden arts born and growing in Lingnan had been consciously and unconsciously playing the role of pioneer in cultural exchanges between China and other countries.There were long history,high level and exquisite designs in the Chinese garden art and the style of the Chinese garden art was quite different with those in Europe in same ages.Chinese garden art influenced greatly upon those in Europe and acted its important part in cultural history in the world and communication history between China and other countries.Exporting of this kind of culture mainly occurred in Lingnan especially in earlier times.From other point of view,before Opium War,the only way for importing of foreign garden culture to China was in Zhujiang Delta in Lingnan.As time past,lots of traces of various garden arts from oversea especially western nations came into view in Lingnan.Describing the mutual history of garden art in Lingnan in cultural communication,this article will analyze the social cultural background that caused something transformed and achieved and expound the theory that cultural communication is the significant energy to get advanced in modem culture and society both in the world and China.