略论近代日本人在香港的经贸活动(1845—1936)

On Commercial Activities of Japanese Businessmen in Hong Kong in Modern Times(1845-1936)

日本人在香港的发展萌生于幕府末明治初年,在19世纪末20世纪初迅速拓展,第一次世界大战及其后势力大为膨胀。日本人在香港创办的企业类型比较多样化,但主要以具有官商背景的金融、航运及贸易公司为核心。日商利用港英政府的自由港政策和香港的中转贸易功能,向中国内地尤其是华南和南洋一带倾销工业制品,并吸取这些地区的农矿原料。日本强盛后,对港贸易产生了巨额顺差,日货倾销亦对香港市场造成很大冲击。抗战以前,由于中日民族矛盾激化,海内外华人不断掀起反对日本帝国主义侵略的高潮,英美等国同日本的摩擦亦加剧,在一定程度上抑制了日商在香港的扩张势头。中国人民频密的抵货运动沉重打击了日本在香港的势力,但由于种种原因,抵货运动难以彻底奏效,日本人仍在香港保持着重要的影响。

The Japanese trade business in Hong Kong was started in the earliest years of Megi,developed rapidly at the end of 19 century and the beginning of 20 century,and expanded greatly during and after the First World War.Those financial,navigational and foreign-trade companies backed by official merchants were the main ones among the enterprises of various styles in Hong Kong.Avail themselves of the policy of free harbor taken by the Hong Kong English government and the Hong Kong’s function in transferring trade,the Japanese capitalists dumped the industrial goods and purchased agricultural and mining stuff in Chinese inland especially Southern China and the coastlands of South Ocean.Powerful Japan had got great favorable balance in trade to Hong Kong,and dumping of Japanese production caused the tremendous impacts on Hong Kong markets.The expanding tendency in Hong Kong by Japanese was controlled to some extent before the War of Resistance against Japan because the national contradictions between Chinese and Japanese became acute,Chinese overseas brought out high tides against aggression by Japanese imperialists,and attritions between Japan and United Kingdom or United States got more and more.The frequent movements rejecting Japanese outputs by Chinese people heavily beat the Japanese forces in Hong Kong,however,for some reasons the movements could not do execution thoroughly and the Japanese still kept an important influence in Hong Kong.