隋唐五代时期疫灾地理研究

Research on Geography of Epidemic Disasters in the Sui,Tang and Five Dynasties

瘟疫灾害是急性传染病大规模流行造成的灾害,它自始至终是人类生命和健康安全的天敌。隋唐五代时期气候相对温暖,流行的疫病主要有天花、疟疾、痢疾等,与其前的魏晋南北朝和其后的宋元明清相比,该时期疫灾相对稀少,疫灾频度约12.4%,其中盛唐所在的8世纪疫灾频度最低;疫灾流行的季节主要是夏秋。至于疫灾的地理分布,隋朝是北方多于南方,唐朝与五代是南北基本平衡。北方疫灾主要发生在黄河中下游地区,南方疫灾主要发生在江淮之间和长江三角洲。

Epidemic disaster is one that resulted from the massive prevalence of some infectious disease,and all the way the enemy of health and life safety of whole human beings.During the period from Sui,Tang through Five Dynasties with relative warm climate,epidemic diseases were mainly smallpox,malaria,diarrhea.By comparison with the former and the latter periods,the epidemic prevalence in the period was relatively sparse and occurred in summer and autumn,with 12.4%average frequency of epidemic disasters and the lowest frequency in the eighth century.As for the geographical distribution of epidemic disasters,the north were more than the south in the Sui Dynasty,the north equaled to the south in the Tang&Five Dynasties,and in the north epidemics prevailed largely in the mid-lower valley of the Yellow River,in the south mainly in the region between Yangtze River and Huai River and the Yangtze Delta.