中国古代的宗族世系与谱法——兼与日本相关制度的比较

The Patriarchal Clan System and the Genealogy of Ancient China:Compared it with the Japanese Relevant System in Genealogy

中国古代的宗族世系可分为大宗世系和小宗世系两大类型。与两种世系类型相应的,有大宗谱法和小宗谱法两种不同的谱牒记录形式。日本古代的谱学传统相当悠久,却没有产生中国式的大宗世系及相应的大宗谱法;虽然也有'同族'概念,但无论在原则上还是在实践中,都没有中国宗族制度对小宗世系'五世则迁'的范围限定。就整体而言,日本的'宗''族'制度与中国的类似制度之间存在着根本的区别。

The ancient Chinese Clan consists of the Big Clan and the Small Clan.Cor-responded with these two kinds of clans,there are two genealogies which are the Big Family Tree and the Small Family Tree respectively.The history of recording genealogy in Japan is long,however,the Big Clan and the Big Family Tree in Japan did not appear as China did.Although the Japanese have the concept of the same clan,they don’t have limit to the Small Clan which keeps to moving after five generations both in principle and in practice.The system of Japanese Clan and Family is similar to that of China,but there still is the essential difference between these two familial systems.