明宣德弃守安南始末考述

On the Whole Story of Ming Dynasty’s Abandonment of Annam in Xuande Period

明永乐四年以'吊民伐罪,兴灭继绝'为由出兵安南,并很快将其占领。后因陈氏继承人查找无踪,应安南耆老的要求,明朝在安南设官管理,形同内地。但此后安南各地反明复国的武装起义此伏彼起,连续二十余年未能平息。仁宗、宣宗相继即位,从安南撤军成了他们为政的重要议题,但由于受宗主国的尊严与权威的影响,使撤军过程成为明朝与安南黎利集团的力量、谋略、心理等比拼的过程。终因明朝廷内部意见不一、战场上将领迟疑,使明朝撤军失去主导性,难以改变中原政权无法在安南获取全胜的历史宿命。

in the 4th year of Yongle Period,with the excuse for consoling the people and punishing their oppressive ruler,and helping to restore the conquered Chen Dynasty to keep its rule to be continued,the Ming Dynasty sent troops to Annam and quickly won the occupation of it.Later in failing to find an heir of the conquered Dynasty,on the request of the elderly Annamese nobles,the Ming Dynasty sent governors there and managed it as an inner place.But afterwards revolts against the Ming Dynasty of restoring the country rose continually for over twenty years without being suppressed.When emperors Renzong and Xuanzong enthroned successively,withdrawing troops from Annam became one of their major state affairs.As a result of suzerain dignity and authority,the troop withdrawal grew into furious contentions of power,resource and mentality between the Ming Dynasty and the Annamese Lili group.But because of the court divarication and the battlefield general’s hesitation,the Ming government lost the dominance of troops’withdrawal,and hence fell into the weird destiny that Central Plains’kaiserdom cannot win complete victory in Annam.