略论近代香港华人资产阶级

The Compendiary Discussion of the Bourgeoisie of Chinese in Hongkong

近代香港主要依靠转口贸易,基本乃一纯粹的商业社会,华人资本家既是一个经济实体,又是一种政治力量。正如香港学者认为的:'由于香港没有士绅阶级,商人可成为社会最高的阶层,这是香港社会和内地社会之间的一大分别。'无论是拥有的财富,还是享有的政治及社会声誉,都使港商尤其是其上层居于华人社区的主导地位。香港华人名人绝大部分都是殷商巨贾及其代表人物,掌控重要企业、华人社团及华文报刊,并在香港和内地政府兼职,对香港经济的增长、社会秩序的稳定、外部争端的调停及华洋关系之调适等,发挥了多方面的重要作用。作为近代中国民族资产阶级的一个组成部分,港商具有与母体相同的两重属性,但因居于特殊的地域,故又有其独特的参政意识、民族意识及民主意识。

In latter-days,Hongkong mainly depends on transit trade,almost a pure commercial society,and Chinese capitalists are either economy entity or political force.As Hongkong scholars thought,"Because there is no esquire gradation,merchants have the opportunity to rank as the highest level in the society,which is a obvious difference in Hongkong society and inland society."No matter the wealth they own or their fame in politics and society all make Hongkong merchants,especially its upper class be top dog in Chinese community.Most of Hongkong Chinese celebrities are great capitalists or their deputies who control crucial enterprises,Chinese communities and the Chinese newspapers and periodicals and often hold posts in Hongkong government and inland government.They play allround important roles in aspects such as the increase of Hongkong economy,tranquilization of society order,reconcilement of exterior issues and corresponding of Chinese-foreigner relation.As a part of Chinese national bourgeois,they have the same double attributes with matrix,but for living in special section,they have particular consciousness in participating in the management of state affairs,national consciousness and democracy consciousness.