学生及幼儿尘螨过敏情况调查

Investigation on dust mite allergy in students

目的 调查在校学生尘螨过敏情况。 方法 问卷调查和皮肤挑刺试验。 结果 共调查在校学生 2 2 6 9名 ,其中 6 .4 3% (14 6 / 2 2 6 9)学生、6 .2 7% (83/ 132 4 )男生、6 .6 7% (6 3/ 94 5 )女生有过敏史 ,男女差异无显著意义 (χ2 =0 .14 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,包括过敏性哮喘 0 .79% (18/ 2 2 6 9)、变应性鼻炎 1.76 % (40 / 2 2 6 9)、荨麻疹 2 .0 7%(47/ 2 2 6 9)、药物过敏 1.81% (41/ 2 2 6 9) ;2 2 6 9名学生SPT阳性率为 16 .92 % (384 / 2 2 6 9) ,幼儿、小学生、中学生、大学生SPT阳性率分别为 7.38% (2 7/ 36 6 )、9.87% (5 4 / 5 4 7)、14 .74 % (78/ 5 2 9)、2 7.2 1% (2 2 5 / 82 7) ,差异有极显著意义(χ2 =6 5 .34,P <0 .0 0 1) ;男女生SPT阳性率分别为 18.0 5 % (2 39/ 132 4 )、15 .34% (14 5 / 94 5 ) ,差异无显著意义(χ2 =2 .87,P >0 .0 5 ) ;SPT(+)、(++)、(+++)、(++++)的构成比分别为 2 3.4 4 % (90 / 384 )、39.5 % (15 2 / 384 )、30 .73% (118/ 384 )、6 .2 5 % (2 4 / 384 ) ;有、无过敏史学生SPT阳性率分别为 5 8.90 % (86 / 14 6 )、14 .0 4 % (2 98/ 2 12 3) ,差异有极显著意义 (χ2 =195 .5 9,P <0 .0 0 1)。 结论 淮南地区在校学生存在尘螨过敏现象 。

Objective To survey dust mite allergy in students.Methods Questionnaire and skin prick test (SPT) were involved in this paper.Results The total of 2 269 students were investigated,and the positive rates of allergic history of students,boys and girls were 6.43%(146/2 269),6.27%(83/1 324) and 6.67%(63/945) respectively.There was not significantly different between boys and girls in allergic history(χ 2=0.14,P>0.05).To be exact,the allergic history was present by allergic asthma 0.79%(18/2 269),alle rgic rhinitis 1.76%(40/2 269),urticaria 2.07%(47/2 269),and drug allergy 1.81%(41/2 269).The positive rate of SPT in2 269 students was 16.92%(384/2 269),in detail,the positive rates of infants,pupils,middle school students,college students were 7.38%(27/366),9.87%(54/547),14.74%(78/529) and 27.21%(225/827),and statistically significant association was observed between them (χ 2=65.34,P<0.001);The positive rates of SPT in boys and girls were 18.05%(239/1 324) and 15.34%(145/945) respectively,no statistical difference was found between them (χ 2=2.87, P>0.05 );The extent of reaction of SPT were (+) 3.97%(90/384),(++)6.70%(152/384) (+++)5.20%(118/384)and (++++)1.05%(24/384).The positive rates of SPT in students with and without allergic history were 58.90%(86/146) and 14.04%(298/2 123),and statistics found significantly different between them(χ 2=195.59,P<0.001).Conclusions The results of this survey showed that some students suffered from various allergic disorders,and associated with ages.And it is easier for the students with allergic history to suffer from allergic disorders.