东海三山现闽中——文学、绘画及舆图中所体现的福州古城城市设计意匠

Three Mountains on East Sea Appear in Fuzhou:Design Concept of Ancient Fuzhou City Embodied in Literatures,Paintings and Maps

本文结合宋代曾巩的散文名篇《道山亭记》以及一些弥足珍贵的福州古城的形象资料(包括两幅清代福州舆图、一幅藏于荷兰国立阿姆斯特丹博物馆的清代古画以及一些十分难得的老照片),从福州古城的山水格局、城市结构、意境营造等方面探讨其城市设计特色,指出福州古城的城市设计是具有高度整体性的创造,并且创造性地将中国传统城市中轴线布局与'一池三山'的园林意境加以完美融合,呈现出'东海三山现闽中'的独特山水城市意境。

The goal of this paper is to discuss the design characteristics of ancient Fuzhou City from aspects like landscape pattern,urban structure and artistic conception building in combination with a famous essay"Record of Daoshan Pavilion"written by Zeng Gong in Song Dynasty as well as some precise picture materials of ancient Fuzhou City(including 2 Qing’s Fuzhou Maps,a famous Qing’s painting that is collected in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam and some valuable old pictures).The paper points out the design of old Fuzhou City is a creation of high integrity,a creative perfect combination of axes line layout of traditional cities in China and artistic concept of garden"a pool and three mountains",so as to show"three mountains on East Sea appear in Fuzhou",a unique artistic concept of landscape city.