为城市低收入者设计——广州近代平民住宅建设

Design for the Poor:The Con-struction of Canton Municipal Low-income-people Cottage in 1920-30s

20世纪20年代末,伴随着城市的现代化改造和工商业发展,广州出现了因市区地价上升、人口高度集中而导致的住房短缺和房租高涨等问题。城市低收入阶层包括劳工、失业者、临时性工、小商贩等因无法承受高额的房租而流离失所,广州市政府因此决定建造平民住宅以改变这种状况。平民宫是广州平民住宅的早期形态,市政当局认为平民宫不仅是住处,还应该是改造低下阶层的场所,并认为改造贫民是社会改良的必然。为提供尽可能多的廉价住宿,广州市政府从20世纪30年代开始大规模发展劳工住宅,并相应发展了与之匹配的平民福利设施,从而构建了广州近代平民建筑的完整序列。因应社会救济、社会改良及低成本控制的需要,建筑师发展了与之相应的建筑策略。

As the modernization of the old city and the development of industry and commerce in late 1920s?the increase of land-value and high concentrated population lead to the situation of housing shortage and high rental in Canton(now Guangzhou).The poor people including labor-ers.unemployed,irregulariy-employed laborers,peddlars,etc.had no choice but to be homeless.In the attempt to ameliorate this situation.The Canton City Government decided to establish the Poor People's Cottages.As the earliest shape,Canton Municipal Poor People's Home was regarded as the housing as well as the re-forming space for the poor,then to realize the purpose of social reform.In order to dwell in more poor people?the city Government began to build Poor People's Cottages since 1930s as well as the poor people's welfare facilities.These constuctions constructed a series of the Poor People's Buildings in Canton.The architects developed the design strategy according to need of social assistance,social reform and low cost control.