日本大佛样建筑再认识

Rethinking the Japanese Daibutsu-Yo Buildings

文章对日本'大佛样'建筑从两个方面再认识。一、对'大佛样'与'天竺样'的语源和语义稽考,指出:出自日本匠家大工书《彫物绘樣》的'天竺样',与出自《建仁寺派家传书》'大佛样',最初所指代的建筑并不完全一致。但两书中都有中国汉代建筑术语'枅',显示来自中土;二、在较周全的资料分析基础上,探讨日本大佛样建筑的结构机理。指出大佛样结构接近于穿斗式衍生形态。

This paper reconsiders the Japanese Daibutsu-yo buildings in two aspects.Firstly,it verifies the etymology and semantic meaning of two words,i.e.Daibutsu-yo and Tenjiku-yo,and pinpoints that the word"Tenjiku-yo"comes from a Japanese Carpenter treatise,the Horimono Eyou,while the other word"Daibutsu-yo"comes from the Kenninjiha Kadensho that originally does not refer to the same kind of buildings.That the Chinese character"ji"(a wooden component above door)appeared in both books indicates that it may have originated in China.Secondly,based on a comprehensive analysis of data,the Daibutsu-yo can be viewed as a derivation of Chinese wooden column and tie structure.