图解清代紫禁城养心殿东暖阁的历史变迁

Schematically Illustrated Historical Transformations of "East Warmth Chamber" of the Hall of Mental Cultivation’s in Forbidden City

紫禁城养心殿东暖阁在清代经历了多次空间的变化。清代早期作为皇帝的临时寝宫,康熙时期作为造办处的作坊,东暖阁室内无间隔。雍正乾隆嘉庆时期,搭建仙楼,室内分为上下两层、前后两部,空间分隔复杂。道光时期,彻底改变了乾嘉时期的格局,拆除仙楼,形成自己独特的空间格局。咸丰时期又恢复了乾隆时期的空间布局。同治光绪时期,为了两宫皇太后垂帘听政的需要,几经变化,东暖阁最终定格为垂帘听政空间。本文利用中国国家图书馆所藏样式雷图档与中国第一历史档案馆所藏档案一一对照,梳理养心殿东暖阁的历史变迁。

The Hall of Mental Cultivation’s'East Warmth Chamber'in the Imperial Palace has underwent spatial transformations in many occasions throughout the Qing Dynasty.During the early Qing dynasty,the East Warmth Chamber was a space without any partitions.It was arranged as the Emperor’^provisional room.While under the rule of Emperor Kangxi,it was turned into the'Workshop of the Imperial Household Department'.Throughout the reign of Emperor Yongzheng,Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing,an attic has been established within the East Warmth Chamber,where the internal space of the chamber was separated into two floors,each floor having two different parts sectioned by various sophisticated techniques.In the Daoguang Period of Qing dynasty,a complete change was imposed upon the East Warmth Chamber,where the attic was dismantled.Yet under the rein of Xianfeng,the east warmth chamber was re-established as the same as Qianlong period’s.While during the rule of Emperor Tongzhi and Emperor Guangxu,the chamber was turned into the court space for empress dowagers to attend state affairs of rein from behind a screen.This article extracted and compared the drawing-documents of Lei’s Model from the National Library of China and the documents from the First Historical Archive of China,and organized the materials to show the historical transformations of the East Warmth Chamber.