从西周金文材料看一座西周都邑的基本空间构成

A Study on the Basic Spatial Structure of a Western Zhou’s Capital City in Western Zhou Bronze Inscriptions

西周都邑形态研究是中国古代建筑史基础研究论题之一。与以往礼经给出的'集中城制'形象相矛盾,历经数十年考古所发现的西周都邑呈现出'散落分布'的空间形态。另一方面,西周都邑形态研究一直缺少'第一手材料'性质的西周金文的引人,也使得该论题的研究视野和深度上存有缺憾。本文对西周金文材料中涉及城邑空间要素内容进行梳理,并结合以往西周都城考古发现和相关早期历史文献的记载,重新探讨西周都邑的基本空间内容和其构成方式,尝试给出一幅关于西周都邑空间的结构化图景。该图景为研究早期中国阶段城邑空间形态及相关问题提供了参考。

The study of a Western Zhou capital city’s form is one of the basic research topics in the field of the Chinese ancient architecture history.However,through decades of archeological work,the Western Zhou capital city has been proved to be a spatial pattern of'distribution',which completely contradicting to the image of the'central city system'given by the System of Ritual Canon.On the other hand,the lack of the 'first-hand materials' that the Western Zhou Bronze Inscriptions are,the study of Western Zhou capital city has also made this topic imperfect in research horizon and depth.This paper sorts out the information of the space elements in the Western Zhou bronze inscriptions materials,and referring to the records of the archaeological discoveries of the Western Zhou Dynasty capital cities and relevant early historical documents.Then the paper re-interprets the basic spatial composition of the cities in the Western Zhou Dynasty,revealing a structural space landscape picture of one capital city’s basic form.This picture will provide a reference to a series of issues related to the urban space structure and its form in Early China.