Responding to Global Warming: Mitigation Policies and Actions of Stakeholders in China's Tourism Industry

应对气候变暖:中国旅游业的政策和行动（英文）

China’s tourism industry has witnessed rapid progress in recent years, and is now an important part of global tourism in dealing with climate change. Within a framework of Pressure-State-Response(PSR), this paper focuses on the emission reduction pressure, carbon emission status, and responses of stakeholders in China’s tourism industry. Findings include: 1) The central government’s strategy and rapid growth of the industry scale exert rising pressure on China’s tourism to reduce carbon emissions. 2) Carbon emissions of China’s tourism account for 13%–14.6% of global tourism, and about 3% of China’s emissions overall. Chinese tourists’ per capita carbon emission is lower than half of the global level. 3) The Chinese government attaches great importance to energy-saving and carbon emission reduction. In the tourism industry, documents, standards and other regulative measures have been issued to ensure that business practitioners set up green operational and managerial systems. In the field of tourism transportation, China’s high-speed rail, new energy vehicles, and urban shared bicycles, have developed very rapidly in recent years, and they have effectively reduced the carbon emissions in traveling. Furthermore, this paper finds that Chinese tourists already have awareness and willingness for low-carbon tourism.

中国旅游业规模大且近年来发展迅速,是全球旅游应对气候变暖的重要组成部分。本文运用PSR框架,综述性考察中国旅游业的减排压力、碳排放状态和以政府为主的利益相关者反应。研究发现:(1)源于中央政府的节能减排战略要求和旅游业快速壮大的产业规模,中国旅游业具有较大的碳减排压力。(2)中国旅游业碳排放量占全球旅游的12.5%–14.6%,占中国碳排放的3%左右,中国游客每人次旅游碳排放量低于全球水平的1/2。(3)中国政府重视节能减排,国家旅游局等部门主要通过制定行业标准的方式,引导饭店、景区等旅游企业建立绿色经营和管理体系;在交通领域,近年来中国高速铁路、新能源汽车、城市智能共享单车发展十分迅速,有效降低了旅行中的碳排放;中国游客普遍具有较高的低碳旅游认知和意愿,但也还需要更多的宣传和引导提高公众意识。